Pp dh la to hop cach thuc hđ cua gv v ahs trong su phoi hop thong nhat duoi vai tro chu dao cua gv nham thuc hien dc nhung nhiem vu dh

Pp thuyet trinh:

La pp gv dug loi de trinh bay, giai thich, thong bao thong tin cua bai hoc. Day la pp hay dung khi giang day ly thuyet cho nhieu hs.

Đặc diem:

·         Dung de truyen dat thong  tin, tbao, trinh bay cho hs nhung tri thuc KH mio 1 cach tap trug va nhanh. Nhung tri thuc nay duoc sxep mot cach co he thong, theo 1 trinh tu nhat dinh, nho do ma phat trien cho hs tri nho va cach ghi nho, ky nang nghe va hieu nguoi khac

·         Viec truyen dat tri thuc duoc thuc hien thong qua loi noi sinh dong cua gv de tran thuat mo ta, neu  dac diem hay giai thich, nhan xet danh gia binh luan, hoac bien luan 1 cau chuyen, 1 hien thuong hay 1 vde nao do. Cac dang thuyet trinh co the dung phoi hop vs nhau.

Cac pp thuyet trinh bao gom:

·         Giang thuat la pp gv dung loi noi mo ta, tuong thuat, ke lai, neu dac diem cua svat htuong trong do chua dung nd tri thuc. Hs nghe, ghi chep, suy nghi de linh hoi tri thuc. Pp nay hay dung trong cac gio hoc ly thuyet, nhat la cac mon KH xh.

·         Giang giai la pp gv dung luan cuu, luan chung su kien, so lieu de giai thich, pitch, cminh, ssanh, ploai lam sang to cac vde, cac quy  tac, dinh ly, dinh luat, cong thuc, kniem, thuat nngu,...

·         Giang dien la pp gv dung loi noi de trinh bay 1 vde co tinh truu tuong cao, co he thong, tron ven, hoan chinh nd dh tuong doi phuc tap, pkhai quat.

Ưu điểm:

·         Giup hs nam tri thuc mot cach co he thong

·         Phattrien duoc tu  duy truu tuuong cho hs

·         Gv co the chu dong va tiet kiem dc tgian

·         Giai giai cho nhieu hs

·         Co the tđộng vào tư tưởng tcam hs

·         Neu sdung kheo leo, ket hop vs nhieu van de thi co the phat huy dươc tinh tch cuc, doc lap suy nghi cua hs

·         Hs co the hoc tap dc cach dien dt, trinh bay cua gv

Nhược điểm: kho thu dc thong tin nguoc, kho kiem soat được trinh do nhan thuc va linh hoi cua hs, do do k dieu chinh kp thoi

De nang cao hieu qua sdung pp thuyet trinh can luu y:

·         Nd thuyet trinh can dc chon loc, tranh lan man, tuy tienn, khi trinh bay nen gioi thieu truoc van de can giai qiyet, co trong tam, vi du minh hoa, xac dinh nd theo dan y, toc do vua phai

·         Ngon ngu ro rang chinh xac, de hieu, goi cam, co suc hap dan loi cuon hs

·         Ket hơp vs cac pp khac nhu sdung cac ptien truc quan nghe nhin, van dap, thao luan va thuc hanh, van dung lythuyet de giai cac bai tap, hoac la chuyen sang thuyet trinh nhieu van de

PP van dap:

Van dap la pp  hoi dap trong dh nham giup hs linh hoi duoc kinh nghiem

Cac dang dam thoai:

·         Van dap mo dau

·         Van dap thong bao tai lieu moi

·         Van dap on tap

·         Van dap kiem tra

Uu diem:

·         Cung co va ptrien ky nang giao tiep

·         Hinh thanh o hs tinh doc lap, oc phe pan, k yang luya chon y kien

·         Nhan  thay ro hon kqua htap, su tien bo cua ban than, tao đk de hoan thien qtdh

·         Tang cuong giao tiep giua gv v ahs

·         Gv co the nhan hay va co bien phap de thuc hien phan hhoa- ca biet hoa trong viec day hoc cua minh

·         Kich thich tinh tich cuc, doc lap tu duy

·         Boi duong cho hs nang luc dien dat bang loi noi, hung thu hoc tap thong qua viec tra loi cauhoi

·         Giiup gv thu duoc tin hieu nguoc de dieu chinh hđ day va hoc

·         Tao khong khi lam viec soi noi sih dong trong gio hoc

Hạn chế:

·         Gv kho chu dong ve tgian, de chay giao an

·         Kho chú ý den tinh vua suc chung

·         Neu su dung khong kheo leo co the lam cho hs linh hoi tri thuc mot cach thieu he thong, logic, muc do khai quathoa thap, su lien ket cac tri thuc k ro rang

Để su dung pp vandap co hqua cao, trong qtdh can chu y:

·         Cau hoi co nd phai ro rang, de hieu, chinh xac, phu hop vs trinh do hs

·         Khi dat cau hoi, can chu y thu hut su tap trung cua tung hs va nguoc lai, cau hoi phai vua suc, chu y khai thac nhung von kinh nghiem va bieu tuong da co cu ahs, sau khi hs tra loi can co su nhan xet cua gv ỏ hs khac

·         Cothe phoi hop voi cac pp dh khac nhu thuyet trinh, truc quan, doc sach... de phat huy uu diem va khac phuc  han che cua pp van dap.

Viec lua chon sdung cac ppdh:

Khi dh gv phai tien hanh nhieu pp. vi vay can phai lua chon cho phu hop de co hqua cao, phai phoi hop de phat huy uu diem han che nhuoc diem cua tung pp, phai su dung dung pp thi moi co kqua dh cao

Khi lua chon ppdh can chu y den  lua tuoi va bac hoc, linh vua va muc do cua muc tieu, coi trong hđ tich cuc, tu giac doc lap cu ahs, chon dang hđ tich hop, thay doi cac pp, can cu va hđ nhan thuc cu ahs, vao dac trung mon hoc, tuy theo nd bai hoc ma lua chon vas dung pp phhu hop

Trong qtdh gv can chu y van dungvva thu nghiem cac ppdh moi

Nha truong can phai chu y chuyen doi cac ppdh thu dong thanh cac ppdh tich cuc theo quan diem dh huong tap trung vao nhan cach nguoi hoc

Co nhung pp moi mang lai hqua cao trong viec phat huy duoc tinh tich cuc, doc lap sang ato cua nguoi hoc nhu: hoc nhom, dong vai, tim toi, nghien  cuu