Tai lieu on tap mon "Tu tuong Ho Chi Minh"

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Cau 1: Trinh bay nguon goc hinh thanh Tu tuong Ho Chi Minh

Dap an:

Bat cu mot TT nao cung phai co nguon goc, co so hinh thanh, do chinh la tuan theo qui luat hinh thanh TT tu it den nhieu, tu hinh thuc den noi dung, ban chat. Vi vay, TTHCM cung ko nam ngoai qui luat do.

1. Nguon goc:

a. Truyen thong tot dep cua dan toc:

- Long yeu nuoc va chu nghia yeu nuoc duoc hinh thanh tu rat som va tro thanh mot tinh chat cua moi nguoi dan Viet va day la mot yeu to quan trong nhat de Nguyen Tat Thanh di vao con duong cach mang (Long yeu nuoc la cai von co cua nguoi dan Viet. Van de dat ra la Dang phai khoi goi).

- Cho den nay, moi thang loi cua cach mang Viet Nam ke ca thang loi cong cuoc doi moi deu co coi nguon tu long yeu nuoc, voi hoc thuyet duoc du nhap vao Viet Nam deu phai thong qua long yeu nuoc va chu nghia yeu nuoc cua nguoi dan Viet.

- Truyen thong doan ket, doan ket la su gan bo hop tac voi nhau de tao nen suc manh. Truyen thong doan ket duoc hinh thanh cung voi su hinh thanh cua dan toc Viet va cung la coi nguon cua suc manh dan toc Viet. Co 4 hinh thuc doan ket co ban:

+ Doan ket gia dinh

+ Doan ket trong cong dong va dong ho

+ Doan ket trong cong dong lang xa.

+ Doan ket quoc gia dan toc the hien o cho: Co tinh noi dung, co van hoa chung va co ngay gio to chung (10/3. am lich)

- Truyen thong nhan van nhan ai quy trong con nguoi, huong con nguoi vao lam dieu thien, dong thoi xu ly tinh te cac moi quan he, gia dinh, vo chong, anh em, ho hang va de cao tinh nghia, quy tac ung xu trong xa hoi. Do do nguoi Viet song tinh cam hon, nhan nghia hon, thong minh hon.

- Trong loi song cua nguoi Viet: gian di, khiem nhuong, coi mo va dac biet khong cuc doan, co chap. Vi vay co the tiep thu nhung cai hay, cai tot, cai dep cua dan toc khac.

- Truyen thong van hien: Van hien la su ket hop nhuan nhuyen cua 3 yeu to sau day. Tri thuc, dao duc, cai dep.

- Dan toc Viet co kha nang hoc, hieu hoc, coi trong su hoc, luon luon ton vinh nhung nguoi hoc cao, do dat.

b. Tinh hoa nhan loai:

- Tinh hoa van hoa phuong Dong: Nguoi tiep thu Dao phat va Nho giao

+ HCM ra doi trong 1 gia dinh Nho giao nen Nguoi da tiep thu nhung quan diem tot dep cua Nho giao. Nguoi danh gia rat cao Khong Tu. Ngay 19/5/1966, Nguoi den tham Khong Tu, khac chu len bia da: "Khong Tu la nguoi thay vi dai nhat cua nhan loai".

+ Nguoi dung rat nhieu nhung khai niem, pham tru nho giao nhu: "Vi loi ich muoi nam trong cay, vi loi ich tram nam trong nguoi" (Thap nien thu moc, bach nien thu nhan)

+ Nguoi danh gia rat cao tu tuong binh dang cua nha Phat: "Ta la Phat da thanh con chung sinh la Phat se thanh"

- Trong tinh hoa van hoa phuong Tay.

+ HCM da nghien cuu tiep thu TT van hoa dan chu va CM cua CM Phap, CM My, trong do co Tuyen ngon nhan quyen va dan quyen cua Phap va Tuyen ngon doc lap nam 1776 cua My.

+ Nguoi danh gia rat cao ve chua Jesu. Nguoi tiep thu nhung tu tuong cua nhung nha khai sang Phap.

c. Chu nghia Mac-Lenin

Chu nghia Mac-Lenin la nguon goc ly luan truc tiep, quyet dinh ban chat tu tuong Ho Chi Minh. Ho Chi Minh khang dinh: "Chu nghia Lenin doi voi chung ta, nhung nguoi cach mang va nhan dan Viet Nam, khong nhung la cai "cam nang" than ky, khong nhung la cai kim chi nam ma con la mat troi soi sang duong chung ta di toi thang loi cuoi cung, di toi chu nghia xa hoi va chu nghia cong san"

Doi voi chu nghia Mac-Lenin, Ho Chi Minh da nam vung cai cot loi, linh hon song cua no, la phuong phap bien chung duy vat, hoc tap, lap truong quan diem, phuong phap bien chung cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin de giai quyet cac van de thuc tien cua cach mang Viet Nam.

Cac tac pham, bai viet cua Ho Chi Minh phan anh ban chat tu tuong cach mang cua Nguoi theo the gioi quan, phuong phap luan cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin.

La yeu to quan trong nhat, quyet dinh viec hinh thanh tu tuong Ho Chi Minh.

d. Nhung pham chat ca nhan rieng cua Ho Chi Minh

- Ho Chi Minh co mot tu duy doc lap, tu chu, sang tao cung voi mot dau oc phe phan tinh tuong sang suot trong viec tim hieu tinh hoa tu tuong van hoa cach mang trong nuoc va tren the gioi.

- Su kho cong ren luyen hoc tap de chiem linh nhung tri thuc phong phu cua thoi dai va voi kinh nghiem dau tranh trong phong trao giai phong dan toc va phong trao cong nhan quoc te de tiep can voi chu nghia Mac Lenin mot cach khoa hoc.

- Co mot tam hon cua nha yeu nuoc chan chinh, mot chien si cong san nhiet thanh va mot trai tim yeu nuoc thuong noi, yeu thuong nhung nguoi cung kho, san sang chiu dung hi sinh cao nhat vi doc lap cua to quoc, vi hanh phuc cua dong bao.

Ket luan: Tom lai, TTHCM la san pham cua su tong hoa va phat trien bien chung TT van hoa truyen thong cua dan toc, tinh hoa TT van hoa cua phuong Dong va phuong Tay voi chu nghia M-L lam nen tang, cung voi thuc tien cua dan toc va thoi dai qua su tiep bien va phat trien cua HCM - mot con nguoi co tu duy sang tao, co PP bien chung, co nhan cach, pham chat CM cao dep tao nen. TTHCM la TT VN hien dai

Cau 2: Trinh bay noi dung co ban cua tu tuong Ho Chi Minh ve van de dan toc, y nghia cua tu tuong Ho Chi Minh ve van de dan toc trong giai doan hien nay.

Dan toc la van de rong lon. Mac-Anghen khong di sau giai quyet van de dan toc vi thoi do o Tay Au van de dan toc da duoc giai quyet trong cach mang tu san. Trong giai doan quoc te chu nghia, cach mang giai phong dan toc tro thanh mot bo phan cua cuoc cach mang vo san the gioi. Mac, Anghen va Lenin da neu nhung quan diem bien chung giua van de dan toc va van de giai cap, tao co so ly luan va phuong phap luan cho viec xac dinh chien luoc, sah luoc cua cac Dang Cong san ve van de dan toc va thuoc dia. Nhung trong dieu kien tu dau the ky XX tro di, can van dung va phat trien sang tao ly luan Mac-Lenin cho phu hop voi thuc tien, chinh Ho Chi Minh la nguoi dap ung yeu cau do.

1. Doc lap, tu do la quyen thieng lieng, bat kha xam pham cua tat ca cac dan toc.

1.2 Tat ca cac dan toc tren TG deu binh dang

- TT nay cua HCM the hien ro trong hanh dong va trg rat nhieu bai noi, bai viet cua minh, song ro nhat va tap trung nhat la o "Tuyen ngon doc lap" khai sinh ra nuoc VNDCCH nam 1945. Mo dau ban Tuyen ngon, HCM da trich 1 doan cua ban Tuyen ngon nam 1776 cua My noi ve quyen binh dang: "Tat ca moi nguoi deu sinh ra co quyen binh dang. Tao hoa cho ho nhung quyen ko ai co the xam pham duoc. Trg nhung quyen ay co quyen dc song, quyen tu do va quyen muu cau hanh phuc". Nguoi nhan dinh day la loi bat hu, suy rong ra cau ay co nghia la: Tat ca cac dan toc tren TG deu binh dang, dan toc nao cung co quyen song, quyen sung suong va quyen tu do. Dong thoi Nguoi con trich dan Ban Tuyen ngon nhan quyen va dan quyen cua CMTS Phap nam 1791: "Nguoi ta sinh ra co quyen tu do va binh dang ve quyen loi va phai luon luon duoc tu do va binh dang". Nguoi khang dinh: "Do la nhung le phai ko ai choi cai duoc".

- Thien tai HCM la nguoi da su dung Tuyen ngon TS de dau tranh cho loi ich cua dan toc minh, bien quyen tu do, binh dang, hanh phuc ca nhan theo kieu TS thanh quyen binh dang cua ca dan toc VN, cua cac dan toc tren TG, ko phan biet mau da, chung toc.

=> TT vi dai nay cua HCM mang tinh quoc te, tinh thoi dai va tinh nhan van sau sac.

1.2 Doc lap dan toc phai la doc lap that su, doc lap hoan toan.

- Mot dan toc khong nhung co quyen binh dang voi cac dan toc khac tren the gioi ma con phai duoc huong nen doc lap that su, doc lap hoan toan. Chi khi nao duoc huong doc lap that su thi dan toc do moi that su binh dang.

- Doc lap that su, doc lap hoan toan theo Ho Chi Minh phai dam bao nhung nguyen tac sau:

+ Dan toc do co day du chu quyen quoc gia ve chinh tri, kinh te, an ninh va toan ven lanh tho.

+ Moi van de chu quyen quoc gia Viet Nam phai do nguoi Viet Nam giai quyet. Moi su ung ho giup do Viet Nam dau tranh gianh doc lap tu do deu duoc nhan dan Viet Nam hoan nghenh ghi nho song nhan dan Viet Nam khong chap nhan bat cu su can thiet tho bao nao.

+ Gia tri va y nghia that su cua doc lap dan toc phai the hien o quyen tu do hanh phuc cua nhan dan. Theo Nguoi, quyen doc lap, tu do la quyen thieng lieng, la tren het. Du co phai hy sinh den dau cung phai gianh va giu cho duoc doc lap.

1.3 Doc lap dan toc trong hoa binh chan chinh

+ Ho Chi Minh luon gio cao ngon co dau tranh gianh doc lap, bao ve chu quyen quoc gia.

+ Ho Chi MInh la hien than cua khat vong hoa binh, tu tuong nay cua Nguoi duoc the hien rat ro moi khi nen doc lap dan toc bi de doa.

2. Chu nghia dan toc la mot dong luc lon o cac nuoc dau tranh gianh doc lap.

Theo Ho Chi Minh, do kinh te con lac hau, chua phat trien nen su phan hoa giai cap o Dong Duong chua triet de, vi the cuoc dau tranh giai cap dien ra giong nhu o phuong Tay. Tu su phan tich do, Nguoi kien nghi ve Cuong linh hanh dong cua Quoc te cong san la: "Phat dong chu nghia dan toc ban xu nhan danh Quoc te cong san.....Khi chu nghia dan toc cua ho thang loi...nhan dinh chu nghia dan toc ay se bien thanh chu nghia Quoc te.

Nhu vay, xuat phat tu su phan tich quan he giai cap trong xa hoi thuoc dia, tu truyen thong dan toc Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh da danh gia cao suc manh cua chu nghia dan tocma nhung nguoi cong san phai nam lay va phat huy va Nguoi cho do la "mot chinh sach cach mang mang tinh hien thuc tuyet voi".

3. Ket hop nhuan nhuyen dan toc voi giai cap, doc lap dan toc va chu nghia xa hoi, chu nghia yeu nuoc voi chu nghia quoc te.

Ngay tu khi lua chon con duong cach mang vo san, o Ho Chi Minh da co su gan bo thong nhat giua dan toc va giai cao, dan toc va quoc te, doc lap dan toc va chu nghia xa hoi. Nam 1930, trong Cuong linh chinh tri dau tien cua Dang, Nguoi xa dinh phuong huong chien luoc cua cach mang Viet Nam la: "Tu san dan quyen cach mang" (tuc la cach mang dan chu tu san) va "Tho dia cach mang" (tuc la cach mang ruong dat) de di toi xa hoi cong san.

Tu tuong Ho Chi Minh vua phan anh quy luat khach quan cua su nghiep giai phong dan toc trong thoi dai cach mang vo san, vua phan anh moi quan he khang khit giua muc tieu giai phong giai cap, giai phong con nguoi. Xoa bo ach ap buc dan toc ma khong xoa bo tinh trang boc lot va ap buc giai cap thi nhan dan lao dong van chua giai phong duoc. Chi co xoa bo tan goc tinh trang ap buc boc lot, chi co thiet lap mot nha nuoc thuc su cua dan, do dan va vi dan moi dam bao cho nguoi lao dong quyen lam chu, doc lap dan toc voi tu do va hanh phuc cua con nguoi.

Theo Ho Chi Minh, doc lap tu do la quyen thieng lieng, bat kha xam pham cua cac dan toc. La mot chien si quoc te chan chinh, Ho Chi Minh khong chi dau tranh cho doc lap cua dan toc ma con dau tranh cho doc lap dan toc cua tat ca cac dan toc bi ap buc.

Neu cao tinh than dan toc tu quyet, nhung Ho Chi Minh khong quen nghia vu quoc te trong viec ung ho cac cuoc dau tranh giai phong dan toc tren the gioi. Nguoi nhiet liet ung ho khang chien chong Nhat cua nhan dan Trung Quoc, cuoc khang chien chong Phap cua nhan dan Lao va Campuchia, de ra khau hieu: "giup ban la tu giup minh va chu truong phai bang thang loi cua cach mang moi nuoc ma dong gop vao thang loi chung cua cach mang the gioi.

Ket luan: Tom lai, TTHCM ve van de dan toc la he thong quan diem vua mang tinh KH dung dan, vua co tinh CM sau sac the hien su ket hop nhuan nhuyen giua van de dan toc voi giai cap, doc lap dan toc voi CNXH, chu nghia yeu nuoc voi chu nghia quoc te. TT nay ko chi co gia tri trg lich su CMVN ma con co y nghia lon lao doi voi CMTG trg thoi dai ngay nay.

Cau 3: Trinh bay noi dung co ban cua Tu tuong Ho Chi Minh ve Cach mang giai phong dan toc, chi ra su sang tao va su phat trien cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin va cua Ho Chi Minh.

Dap an:

Tu tuong Ho Chi Minh ve Cach mang giai phong dan toc la he thong nhung quan diem toan dien va sau sac ve con duong cuu nuoc, chien luoc CM, sach luoc CM va PPCM nham giai phong ach ap buc, no dich, XD mot nuoc VN hoa binh thong nhat, doc lap va CNXH.

* Co so hinh thanh

- Ly luan: Theo chu nghia M-L: CM la su nghiep cua quan chung, con o VN: "Giac den nha dan ba cung danh", "O dau co ap buc, o do co dau tranh".

- Thuc tien: Khao sat nhung PTCM GPDT (CM Phap, My, Nga).

=> Muon thoat khoi ach ap buc phai tien hanh CMTS.

* Noi dung

1. CMGPDT muon thang loi phai di theo con duong CMVS

- Ngay tu khi moi ra doi, gc TS dong vai tro la nguoi lanh dao cac tang lop ND dau tranh chong che do PK, chong ach ap buc boc lot PK doi voi cac dan toc, gop phan hinh thanh nen cac QG dan toc co ban.

- Khi CNTB chuyen sang giai doan DQCN chinh no da tro thanh ke ap buc boc lot cac dan toc khac mot cach da man va tan bao, ngon co dan toc da chuyen sang tay gc VS, nguoi dai dien cho LLSX tien tien cua thoi dai.

- Gc VS la gc lanh dao CMGPDT vi mang nhung pham chat:

+ La nguoi CM triet de nhat

+ Co tinh ky luat va doan ket cao

+ Dai dien cho LLSX moi

+ Co he tu tuong rieng

- Sau khi khao sat cac PT trg nuoc va tren TG, Nguoi thay sau CM nguoi dan van chua duoc huong tu do, hanh phuc, Nguoi da goi do la cuoc CM chua den noi. Con o CM Nga, Nguoi da goi do la cuoc CM den noi. Vi the VN phai di theo con duong CM Nga. HCM khang dinh: Su nghiep GPDTVN phai dat duoi su lanh dao cua gc CN, phai di theo con duong CMVS, phai dat CMDTDCND trong qui dao cua CMVS, la mot bo phan cua CMTG. "Day la su phat hien day sang tao cua HCM".

2. CMGPDT phai do DCS lanh dao

- Cac van de dat ra trong CMGPDT la:

+ Ai la nguoi lanh dao PT?

+ Nhung giai cap nao, nhung lien minh giai cap nao la luc luong nong cot?

- Nguoi khang dinh: Trong dieu kien CMVN muon thanh cong phai co DCM lanh dao, Dang co vung CM moi thanh cong, Dang muon vung phai co chu nghia lam nong cot.

- Theo HCM: Trong thoi dai ngay nay, CMGPDT phai chong lai mot ke thu tan bao va to lon, giua chung co su lien minh mang tinh quoc te, muon danh thang chung can co bo tham muu du kha nang, duong loi dung dan, PP dau tranh khoa hoc, do chinh la DCSVN.

3. Luc luong cua CMGPDT la toan dan toc.

- CM la viec chung cua ca dan toc co nghia la: Si, Nong, Cong, Thuong deu nhat tri chong lai cuong quyen. Trong luc luong do Cong, Nong la goc cua kach menh con hoc tro, dien chu nho cung bi TS ap buc song khong cuc kho bang cong nong. 3 luc luong ay deu la ban cua cach menh.

- Nguoi xac dinh: Ke thu chinh cua CMVN la bon de quoc + PK tay sai, con phai tap trung luc luong cua toan dan toc de danh do chung gianh lay chinh quyen.

- Khi phat dong cuoc khanh chien toan quoc chong thuc dan Phap. Nguoi keu goi toan dan danh giac va danh giac bang moi vu khi co trong tay. Bat ky dan ong, dan ba, bat ky nguoi gia, nguoi tre, khong chia ton giao, dang phai, dan toc. He la nguoi VN thi phai dung len danh thuc dan Phap de cuu nuoc.

- Tinh sang tao: Theo Lenin: moi chi la loi keu goi, con trg TTHCM, cuoc CMGPDT luc luong la toan dan.

4. CMGPDT can duoc tien hanh chu dong, sang tao va co kha nang gianh thang loi truoc CM vo san o chinh quoc

- Trong phong trao cong san quoc te da tung ton tai quan diem xem thang loi cua cach mang thuoc dia phu thuoc vao thang loi cua CM vo san o chinh quoc. De cuong ve phong trao CM o cac nuoc thuoc dia va nua thuoc dia duoc thong qua tai Dai hoi VI Quoc te cong san (1/9/1928) cho rang: "Chi co the thuc hien hoan toan cong cuoc giai phong cac thuoc dia khi giai cap vo san gianh duoc thang loi o cac nuoc tu ban tien tien". Quan diem nay vo hinh chung da giam tinh chu dong, sang tao cua cac phong trao CM o thuoc dia. Con theo HCM: Ko nhat thiet phai nhu vay ma CMVS o thuoc dia co the thang loi trc CMVS o chinh quoc; va thuc te da chung minh dieu do la dung.

- Trong tac pham Duong kach menh, HCM co su phan biet ve nhiem vu cua CM va CM giai phong dan toc va cho rang: hai thu CM do tuy co khac nhau nhung co quan he chat che voi nhau.

Day la mot luan diem sang tao, co gia tri ly luan va thuc tien to lon; mot cong hien rat quan trong cua HCM vao kho tang ly luan cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin, da duoc thang loi cua phong trao CM giai phong dan toc tren toan the gioi trong gan mot the ky qua chung minh la hoan toan dung dan.

5. CMGPDT phai duoc tien hanh bang con duong CM bao luc

- Bao luc CM trong CM giai phong dan toc o Viet Nam: Cac the luc de quoc su dung bao luc de xam luoc va thong tri thuoc dia, dan ap da man cac phong trao yeu nuoc. Che do thuc dan, tu ban than no da la mot hanh dong bao luc cua ke manh doi voi ke yeu. Chua de bep y chi xam luoc cua chung thi chua the co thang loi hoan toan. Vi the con duong de gianh va giu doc lap dan toc chi co the la con duong cach mang bao luc. Danh gia dung ban chat cuc ky phan dong cua bon de quoc tay sai. Ho Chi Minh cho rang: Trong cuoc dau tranh gian kho chong ke thu cua giai cap va cua dan toc, can dung bao luc cach mang chong lai bao luc phan cach mang, gianh lay chinh quyen va bao ve chinh quyen".

- Phuong cham chien luoc danh lau dai trong CMGPDT: Truoc nhung ke thu lon manh, HCM chu truong su dung phuong cham chien luoc danh lau dai. Trong khang chien chong thuc dan Phap, Nguoi noi: "Dich muon toc chien, toc thang. Ta lay truong ky khang chien tri no, thi dich nhat dinh thua, ta nhat dinh thang". Khang chien phai truong ky vi dat nuoc ta hep, nuoc ta ngheo, ta phai chuan bi lau dai va phai co su chuan bi cua toan dan. Trong khang chien chong My, cuu nuoc. Nguoi khang dinh chien tranh co the keo dai 5 nam, 10 nam, 20 nam hoac lau hon nua. Cac thanh pho co the bi tan pha song nhan dan ta quyet khong so. Khong co gi quy hon doc lap tu do. Den ngay thang loi nhan dan ta se xay dung lai dat nuoc ta dang hoang, to dep hon.

Doc lap tu chu, tu luc, tu cuong ket hop voi tranh thu su giup do quoc te la mot quan diem nhat quan trong TTHCM. Trong 2 cuoc khang chien chong Phap va chong My, Nguoi dong vien suc manh cua toan dan toc, dong thoi ra suc van dong, tranh thu su giup do quoc te to lon va co hieu qua ca ve vat chat va tinh than ket hop voi suc manh dan toc voi suc manh thoi dai de khang chien thang loi.

Cau 4: Con duong hinh thanh tu duy Ho Chi Minh ve Chu nghia xa hoi o Viet Nam? Quan niem cua Ho Chi Minh ve dac trung ban chat cua Chu nghia xa hoi. Y nghia cua tu tuong Ho Chi Minh doi voi cong cuoc xay dung dat nuoc hien nay?

Dap an:

1. Con duong hinh thanh tu duy HCM ve CNXH

a. Cac nha kinh dien tiep can CNXH

- Cac nha kinh dien cua CN M-LN da lam sang to ban chat cua CNXH tu nhung kien giai KTXH, CTri, Triet hoc o Tay Au. Tu do cac ong da thay ro vai tro va su menh cua giai cap VS la dao mo chon CNTB va CNTB tat yeu se bi thay the bang 1 che do XH cao hon, tien bo hon, che do CSCN. Vi the hoc thuyet ve CNXH cua cac ong duoc coi la vu khi li luan de g/c VS thuc hien su menh cua minh va tren co so do nhan dan tien bo the gioi huong toi 1 XH vi con nguoi.

- Khi CNTB chuyen tu tu do canh tranh sang CNDQ, Le Nin da bo sung, phat trien va hien thuc hoa hoc thuyet XHCN KH o Lien Xo. CNXH KH voi tu cach la 1 che do XH sau khi duoc hoan thien se la buoc phat trien cao hon va 1 buoc PTrien ve chat so voi CNTB

b. HCM tiep can hoc thuyet CNXH KH

- HCM cung tiep can CNXH tu nhung phan tich kinh te, Ctri, xa hoi, triet hoc cua CN M-L. Cu the la tu hoc thuyet ve su menh lich su cua g/c cong nhan. Tuy nhien tu 1 nguoi yeu nuoc den voi CN M-L, HCM con tiep can CNXH KH tu lap truong yeu nuoc va truyen thong van hoa tot dep cua dan toc dac biet la ve phuong dien dao duc.

- Toan bo nhung quan diem cua HCM ve CNXH la su thong nhat bien chung giua nhan to kinh te XH, Ctri voi cac nhan to nhan van, dao duc van hoa tao ra nhung net rieng trong su ke thua lam cho no phu hop voi dieu kien lich su va khat vong dan toc VN. Tu ban chat uu viet cua CNXH, HCM khang dinh tinh tat yeu cua su lua chon khi di len CNXH o nuoc ta hoan toan phu hop voi xu the chung cua thoi dai va su phat trien cua lich su nhan loai.

2. Phan tich quan niem cua Ho Chi Minh ve dac trung ban chat cua Chu nghia xa hoi:

- Theo Ho Chi Minh, Chu nghia xa hoi co 5 dac trung ban chat.

+ Ve kinh te: CNXH la che do xa hoi co luc luong san xuat phat trien cao, gan voi su phat trien khoa hoc, ky thuat, van hoa, dan giau, nuoc manh.

+ Nen tang kinh te la che do so huu xa hoi ve tu lieu san xuat, thuc hien nguyen tac phan phoi theo lao dong.

+ Ve che do chinh tri: Co che do chinh tri dan chu, do nhan dan lao dong la chu va lam chu, Nha nuoc la cua dan, do dan, vi dan, dua tren nen tang lien minh cong-nong-tri thuc, do Dang Cong San lanh dao.

+ Ve xa hoi: Co he thong cac quan he xa hoi lanh manh, cong bang, binh dang, khong con boc lot, ap buc, bat cong, khong con su doi lap giua lao dong chan tay va lao dong tri oc, giua thanh thi va nong thon, con nguoi co dieu kien phat trien toan dien, co su hai hoa trong phat trien giua xa hoi va tu nhien.

+ Ve luc luong: Chu nghia xa hoi la cua quan chung nhan dan va do quan chung nhan dan tu xay dung lay.

Cac dac trung nay phan anh ban chat dan chu, nhan dao cua Chu nghia xa hoi, vuot han cac che do xa hoi truoc do.

3. Y nghia quan niem cua Ho Chi Minh

Quan niem cua Ho Chi Minh dinh huong tu tuong ly luan cho Dang ta, nhan dan ta hoan thien, cu the hoa mo hinh Chu nghia xa hoi duoc xac dinh trong Cuong linh xay dung dat nuoc trong thoi ky qua do len Chu nghia xa hoi. Mo hinh do bao gom 6 dac trung co ban. Neu 6 dac trung nay: Chu nghia xa hoi la mot che do xa hoi:

- Do nhan dan lao dong lam chu;

- Co mot nen kinh te phat trien cao dua tren luc luong san xuat hien dai va che do cong huu ve cac tu lieu san xuat chu yeu;

- Co nen van hoa tien tien, dam da ban sac dan toc;

- Con nguoi duoc giai phong khoi ap buc, boc lot, bat cong, lam theo nang luc, huong theo lao dong, co cuoc song am no, tu do, hanh phuc, co dieu kien phat trien toan dien ca nhan;

- Cac dan toc trong nuoc binh dang, doan ket va giup do lan nhau cung tien bo;

- Co quan he huu nghi va hop tac voi nhan dan tat ca cac nuoc tren the gioi.

Cau 5: Noi dung co ban cua tu tuong Ho Chi Minh ve dao duc, cac chuan muc dao duc va cac bien phap xay dung nen dao duc moi?

Dap an:

1. Nguon goc hinh thanh

a, Truyen thong dao duc cua dan toc VN

- Dao duc luon luon khuyen con ng song phai co tinh nghia, thuy chung, biet trung biet hieu.

- Dan toc VN la dan toc de cao dao ly lam ng, trg do yeu nuoc giu vi tri trung tam, dung dau bang gia tri dao duc, do chinh la tinh yeu va long trung thanh doi voi to quoc va ND.

- Thong qua loi hanh xu cua nhg nguoi than trg gia dinh Bac.

b, TT dao duc phg Dong va phg Tay

- HCM chu trong, chat loc nhg tinh hoa dao duc nhan loai: Nho giao, Phat giao...va tinh than cua CM DCTS (nhan nghia, tuong than cua Nho giao; tu bi cua Phat giao; nhan dao, bac ai cua Thien chua giao).

c, Quan diem cua Mac, Angghen, Lenin ve dao duc

- HCM ko chi tiep thu nhg quan diem, TT chinh tri cua cac nha sang lap CNXHKH ma con hoc tap nhg tam guong cao dep cua ho de lai.

- HCM cho rang: Voi ng phg Dong, 1 tam guong sang con gia tri hon 100 bai dien thuyet.

d, Thuc tien hoat dong CM cua HCM

- HCM trai qua 1 qua trinh hoat dong day bao tap, rat soi noi. Nguoi da chung kien su tan bao, vo dao duc cua chu nghia thuc dan trg viec no dich cac dan toc thuoc dia.

- Nguoi da tim den 1 hoc thuyet nhan dao nham giai phong va phat trien con ng, tao ra mqh tot dep giua ng voi ng, 1 hoc thuyet dau tranh cho su tu do, am no, hanh phuc voi NDLD. Do la CN M-L.

2. Noi dung

a. Quan diem ve vai tro cua dao duc cach mang

- HCM la lanh tu quan tam den dao duc, xay dung dao duc moi ngay tu rat som, duoc the hien trong bai giang tap huan o Quang Chau 1927 "Duong cach menh", neu len 23 dieu ve tu cach cua nguoi chien si cach mang.

- Nang cao dac diem CM, quyet sach chu nghia ca nhan.

- Moi chien si CM phai co dao duc CM. De co duoc pham chat dac diem tot dep ay can trang bi cho ho ly luan thuc tien thuc hanh dao duc . Nguoi quan tam den ca 2 phuong dien.

- HCM da xay dung duoc quan diem, chuan muc dao duc dung dan phu hop mang tinh chien dau cao.

- HCM da de lai 1 tam guong dao duc sang ngoi, tiep thu dao duc tu nhieu yeu to, hoc thuyet nhat la tam guong cua LNin.

- HCM coi dao duc la goc, la nen tang cua nguoi CM. Dao duc la long cao thuong cua con nguoi. Dao duc la dong luc giup chung ta vuot len kho khan.

- Nguoi quan niem nuoc la nuoc cua dan, dan la chu cua nuoc vi vay trung voi nuoc, hieu voi dan la the hien trach nhiem dung nuoc va giu nuoc.

- Nhung nguyen tac xay dung dao duc moi: Noi di doi voi lam; phai neo guong dao duc; Xay di doi voi chong, phai tao thanh phong trao quan chung rong rai; Tu duong ren luyen dao duc thuong xuyen.

b. Nhung pham chat dao duc co ban cua con nguoi Viet Nam trong thoi dai moi.

Trong tu tuong Ho Chi Minh, co 4 chuan muc dao duc cach co ban.

- Trung voi nuoc, hieu voi dan: Day la chuan muc dao duc nen tang, dieu chinh hanh vi giua ca nhan voi cong dong. Trung, hieu la cac khai niem dao duc truyen thong, nhung duoc Ho Chi Minh su dung va dua vao nhung noi dung moi.

+ Trung voi nuoc: yeu nuoc, gan lien voi yeu Chu nghia xa hoi; trung thanh voi ly tuong, con duong cach mang ma dat nuoc, dan toc da lua chon; co trach nhiem bao ve, xay dung va phat trien dat nuoc.

+ Hieu voi dan: Thuong dan, quy dan, lay dan lam goc; cham lo moi mat doi song nhan dan mot cach tu giac; dau tranh giai phong quan chung nhan dan de dan tro thanh nguoi chu va lam chu.

- Can, kiem, liem, chinh, chi cong vo tu: Day la chuan muc dao duc trung tam, dieu chinh hanh vi ung xu trong cuoc song hang ngay cua moi nguoi.

Phan tich noi ham cac khai niem:

Can: Can cu, sieng nang, cham chi, deo dai, biet phan cong, to chuc hoat dong hop ly, lao dong voi nang suat, chat luong, hieu qua cao.

Kiem: Tiet kiem, khong hoang phi, tieu dung hop ly; khong chi tiet kiem cua ca nhan ma con tiet kiem cua cong; tiet kiem toan dien: tien cua, nguyen vat lieu, thoi gian, suc lao dong.

Liem: Liem khiet, trong sach, khong tham tien tai, dia vi, danh vong.

Chinh: Chinh truc, ngay thang, that tha doi voi minh, doi voi nguoi, doi voi viec.

Chi cong vo tu: Dat loi ich cua Dang, cua nhan dan len tren het, truoc het, hy sinh loi ich ca nhan vi loi ich chung, lo truoc thien ha, vui sau thien ha.

Moi quan he giua cac khai niem: Cac tieu chuan dao duc nay co quan he chat che voi nhau, tao tien de cho nhau. Ho Chi Minh xac dinh can, kiem, liem, chinh la bon duc tinh can thiet cua mot con nguoi, la thuoc do trinh do van minh, tien bo cua mot dan toc.

- Yeu thuong con nguoi: Yeu thuong tat ca moi nguoi, truoc het la nguoi lao dong ngheo kho, bi boc lot, ap buc, nhung nguoi de bi ton thuong nhat trong xa hoi: tre em, nguoi gia, phu nu; yeu thuong con nguoi tren lap truong cua giai cap cong nhan; cham lo moi mat doi song con nguoi de con nguoi duoc thoa man cac nhu cau, loi ich, co dieu kien phat trien toan dien ca nhan.

- Tinh than quoc te trong sang, thuy chung: Chuan muc dao duc nay dieu chinh hanh vi ung xu cua con nguoi trong quan he giua cac quoc gia, dan toc; no co co so tu ban chat quoc te cua giai cap cong nhan, cua che do xa hoi chu nghia.

Ve noi dung, chuan muc dao duc nay bao gom: Ton trong, thuong yeu cac dan toc; ung ho, giup do cac dan toc trong su nghiep dau tranh giai phong; xay dung khoi doan ket quoc te tren co so cung co loi, co ly, co tinh.

c. Nhung nguyen tac xay dung dao duc moi

* Noi phai di doi voi lam, neu guong ve dao duc:

- Nguoi nhan manh doi moi voi moi nguoi thi loi noi phai di doi voi viec lam moi dem lai hieu qua cho ban than minh va moi tac dung cho nhung nguoi khac. Neu noi nhieu ma lam it, noi ma khong lam, noi 1 dang lam 1 neo thi chi dem lai nhung hau qua phan tac dung. Do la thoi dao duc gia cua nhung g/c boc lot trong lich su, phai xay dung 1 nen dao duc moi ve chat so voi nen dao duc truoc do.

- De xay dung dao duc moi cho con nguoi, HCM nhan manh phuong phap neu guong. Nguoi ta coi do la phuong phap thiet thuc nhat, co suc manh thuyet phuc to lon trong viec giao duc dao duc cach mang cho moi nguoi.

- Doi voi HCM, tam guong dao duc co the hieu theo nghia rong phai co nhung tam guong chung, rieng, lon, nho, xa gan chang han nhu trong gia dinh do la tam guong cha me doi voi con cai; trong to chuc doan the, trong XH .....

- Nguoi coi mot nen dao duc moi chi duoc xay dung tren cai nen rong lon vung chac khi co nhung pham chat dao duc, nhung chuan muc dao duc da tro thanh thoi quen hanh vi dao duc hang ngay pho bien trong toan XH ma tam guong dao duc co y nghia va thuc day qua trinh ay.

** Xay dung di doi voi chong phai tao thanh phong trao quan chung rong rai.

- HCM khang dinh muon xay dung dao duc moi, muon boi duong nhung pham chat dao duc cach mang cho hang trieu con nguoi can bo Dang vien thi cung voi viec xay dung boi duong pham chat tot dep phai nhat thiet phai chong nhung bieu hien xau xa, trai voi yeu cau cua dao duc moi.

- Theo Nguoi, viec xay dung dao duc moi truoc het phai duoc tien hanh bang viec giao duc nhung pham chat, nhung chuan muc dao duc moi tu trong gia dinh, nha truong va ngoai XH.

- Theo Nguoi de xay va chong co hieu qua phai tao thanh phong trao quan chung rong rai nham thoi thuc trach nhiem dao duc ca nhan de voi moi nguoi phan dau, tu boi duong va nang cao pham chat dao duc cach mang. Nguoi dac biet nhan manh phai quyet sac chu nghia ca nhan vi no nay sinh nhieu can benh nguy hiem nhu tham o, lang phi....

*** Phai tu duong dao duc ben bi suot doi

- HCM chi ro, dao duc cach mang khong phai tu tren troi xa xuong ma no do dau tranh ren luyen ben bi hang ngay ma phat trien va cung co cung nhu ngoc cang mai cang sang, vay cang luyen cang trong.

- Theo HCM viec tu duong dao duc phai duoc thuc hien trong moi hoat dong thuc tien, trong moi quan he XH va moi quan he qte.

Ket luan: TTHCM ve dao duc cach mang la nhung quan niem, tu tuong ve 1 nen dao duc moi (cach mang va tien bo). Cung voi tu tuong, tam guong dao duc HCM mai soi sang cho nhan dan VN hoc tap va noi theo dac biet la trong xay dung dan toc VN ngay cang van minh nhu mong uoc cua Nguoi.

Cau 6: Luan diem cua Ho Chi Minh ve Dang cong san Viet Nam.

Dap an:

I. TTHCM ve DCSVN

Co so hinh thanh: TTHCM ve DCSVN bat nguon tu hoc thuyet cua CN Mac ve DCS ma truc tiep la hoc thuyet ve Dang kieu moi cua g/c cong nhan da duoc LeNin dua ra tu nhung nam dau TK20. Nhung xuat phat tu nhung dieu kien cu the cua VN, HCM da van dung sang tao de dua den viec thanh lap Dang CSVN 1930. Voi nhung luan diem moi lam phuong phap them hoc thuyet M-LN ve Dang CS va giai dap nhung yeu cau thuc tien cach mang VN dat ra.

Ben canh co so ve tu tuong, TTHCM ve DCS can duoc hinh thanh tren co so duc rut nhung kinh nghiem hoat dong tu tuotng cua su thanh lap cac DCS tren the gioi. Bang nang luc hoat dong tu tuong soi noi da hoc hoi o cac chien si cong san va cac vi lanh tu cua g/c VS tren the gioi de dua toi su thanh lap DCSVN.

1. Nhung luan diem co ban cua HCM ve DCSVN

- DCSVN la nhan to quyet dinh hang dau de dua cach mang VN den thang loi

- Xuat phat tu nhung quan diem cua chu nghia M-LN cung nhu truyen thong dan toc HCM KD. Nhung suc manh cua QCND chi duoc phat huy thanh 1 luc luong to lon khi duoc giac ngo, duoc to chuc, duoc lanh dao theo 1 duong loi dung dan.

- Nguoi KD CM truoc het phai co Dang CM de trong thi van dong to chuc dan chung, ngoai thi lien lac voi dan toc bi ap buc va CMVS moi noi. Dang co vung thi cach menh moi thanh cong cung nhu nguoi cam lai co vung thi thuyen moi chay dung huong.

- DCS la chinh Dang cua giai cap cong nhan, la don vi tien phong, bo tham muu cua g/c VS, nhan dan lao dong va cua ca dan toc. Dang luon tan tam, tan luc phuc su to quoc va nhan dan, trung thanh tuyet doi voi loi ich cua g/c, cua nhan dan va cua dan toc. Ngoai loi ich do ra thi Dang khong co loi ich gi khac.

2. DCSVN la san pham cua su ket hop giua chu nghia M-LN voi phong trao cong nhan va phong trao yeu nuoc.

- Xuat phat tu nhung quan diem cua chu nghia M-LN ve su ra doi cua cac DCS la san pham cua su ket hop giua chu nghia M-LN voi phong trao cong nhan. HCM tu 1 nguoi VN yeu nuoc da bat gap anh sang cua chu nghia M-LN va van dung vao TT cach mang VN. Nguoi khai quat quy luat ra doi cua DCSVN la san pham cua su ket hop giua chu nghia M-LN voi PTCN va PTYN.

- Su ra doi cua DCSVN tat yeu phai dua vao co so XH la PTYN vi do la phong trao rong lon nhat chiem 90% dan so, trong do co g/c cong nhan. Giai cap cong nhan la nong cot co vai tro vach ra duong loi chu chuong dung dan de lanh dao PTYNVN gianh thang loi cuoi cung.

- Tu su nhan thuc can giac ngo suc manh dan toc voi suc manh giai cap, HCM kien dinh can phai gan bo chat che voi PTCN va PTYN. Phai nam lay vu khi sac ben la CN M-LN va ngon co dan toc. Moi nguoi cong san truoc het phai la 1 nguoi yeu nuoc, thuong xuyen truyen ba chu nghia M-LN, quan diem duong loi cua Dang trong PTCN va QCND de thuc hien thang loi duong loi cua Dang. Vi vay DCS la Dang cua g/c cong nhan dai bieu cho loi ich cua ca dan toc, lanh dao dan toc thay duoc thang loi to lon.

3. DCSVN la dang cua g/c cong nhan dong thoi cung la Dang cua dan toc.

- Xuat phat tu nhung quan diem cua chu nghia M-LN cho rang: khong co Dang sieu g/c ma bat cu 1 Dang nao ra doi cung deu mang tinh giai cap, deu dai dien cho quyen loi va loi ich cua 1 g/c nhat dinh. Do do HCM chi ra DCSVN la Dang cua g/c cong nhan dong thoi la Dang cua dan toc VN.

- Ban chat g/c cong nhan cua Dang duoc the hien o cho:

+ Nen tang TT cua Dang la chu nghia M-LN

+ Muc tieu duong loi cua Dang thuc su vi doc lap dan toc gan lien voi CNXH vi su nghiep giai phong dan toc, giai phong XH va giai phong con nguoi.

+ Dang nghiem tuc tuan thu nhung nguyen tac Dang kieu moi cua g/c cong nhan.

- Su thong nhat giua ban chat g/c cong nhan voi tinh dan toc cua Dang the hien:

+ Loi ich cua g/c cong nhan thongnhat voi loi ich cua dan toc. Do la muc tieu doc lap dan toc gan lien CNXH nham giai phong g/c, xh va con nguoi.

+ Co so XH de thanh lap Dang la duoc quan chung nhan dan ung ho va thua nhan.

+ Thanh phan ket nap Dang khong phai chi co g/c cong nhan ma bao gom nhung nguoi uu tu voi moi tang lop nhan dan co suc manh lanh dao nhan dan thuc hien loi ich chung: GPDT, GPCN, trong do con nguoi lam nong cot. Vi vay ma Dang vua mang tinh ban chat g/c, vua mang tinh dan toc.

4. HCM khang dinh DCSVN phai lay chu nghia M-LN lam nong cot

- CM muon thanh cong thi truoc het phai co Dang lanh dao. Dang muon vung thi phai co chu nghia lam nong cot. Trong Dang ai cung phai theo chu nghia ay. Dang khong co chu nghia nhu nguoi khong co tri khon, khong co bay chi Nam. Trong the gioi bay gio hoc thuyet nhieu, chu nghia nhieu nhung chu nghia chan chinh nhat, cach mang nhat la chu nghia M-LN.

- Khi nhan manh chu nghia M-LN lam nong cot, HCM nhan manh phai nam vung tinh than va phuong phap cua no dong thoi tiep thu tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai, kinh nghiem cua cac nuoc de van dung sang tao vao hoan canh cu the cua VN. Tu do nguoi luu y phai tach 2 khuynh huong giao dieu va xem xet lai chu nghia M-LN.

5. Ho Chi Minh khang dinh Dang cong san Viet Nam fai xay dung theo nhung nguyen tac cua Dang kieu moi cua giai cap cong nhan.

- Nguyen tac tap trung dan chu: Day la nguyen tac to chuc cua Dang:

+ Theo Ho Chi Minh dan chu va tap trung la 2 mat co quan he gan bo va thong nhat voi nhau theo mot nguyen tac. Dan chu la di den tap trung, dan chu la co so cua tap trung chu khong phai theo kieu phan tan tuy tien vo to chuc. Con tap trung tren co so dan chu chu khong phai tap trung quan lieu theo kieu doc doan chuyen quyen.

+ Tap the lanh dao ca nhan phu trach. Day la nguyen tac lanh dao cua Dang:

-> Nguoi phan tich 1 nguoi du tai gioi may cung khong the thay het duoc moi viec cang khong the hieu het duoc mot van de.

-> Ve ca nhan phu trach Nguoi chi ro viec gi da ban bac ky luong ro rang can giao cho mot nguoi phu trach. Vi vay tap the lanh dao va ca nhan phu trach phai luon di doi voi nhau.

+ Nguyen tac tu phe binh va phe binh. Day la nguyen tac sinh hoat cua Dang:

-> Nguoi chi ro mot Dang ma dau khuyet diem cua minh la mot Dang hong, mot Dang ma co gan thua nhan nhung khuyet diem cua minh, vach ro hoan canh sinh ra khuyet diem do, roi tim kiem moi cach sua chua khuyet diem do nhu the la mot Dang tien bo, manh dan chac chan chan chinh.

-> Nhan manh tu phe binh va phe binh Nguoi coi giong nhu viec soi guong rua mat hang ngay phai thuong xuyen tu giac va nghiem tuc thuc hien.

-> Ho Chi Minh chi ro tu phe binh va phe binh khong nhung la mot van de cua khoa hoc c/m ma con la cua nghe thuat c/m doi hoi moi can bo Dang vien phai kheo dung. Trong do moi nguoi phai trung thuc, chan thanh voi ban than minh cung nhu voi nguoi khac, phai co tinh dong chi thuong yeu lan nhau tranh nhung thai do lech lac sai trai nhu che dau khuyet diem cua ban than minh hay loi dung phe binh de noi xau.

->Ky luat nghiem minh va tu giac. Day la mot nguyen tac cua Dang kieu moi, cua giai cap cong nhan trong do:

* Nghiem minh la thuoc ve to chuc Dang, la ky luat doi voi moi can bo Dang vien khong phan biet can bo lanh dao cao hay thap ma moi Dang vien deu binh dang truoc ky luat cua Dang.

* Tu giac: La thuoc ve moi can bo Dang vien tu nguyen dung trong hang ngu cua Dang vi vay phai thuc hien chu truong nghi quyet cua Dang, co nhu vay Dang moi hoan thanh su menh lanh dao cua minh.

+ Doan ket thong nhat trong Dang. Day la mot nguyen tac quan trong cua Dang kieu moi cua Lenin:

-> Ho Chi Minh dac biet quan tam den viec xay dung doan ket thong nhat trong Dang cung nhu khoi dai doan ket toan dan. Trong do doan ket trong Dang la nong cot cho viec xay dung khoi doan ket toan dan.

-> Co so de xay dung su doan ket thong nhat trong dang la duong loi quan diem va dieu le Dang. Day la co so de tao nen su thong nhat ve tu tuong, to chuc va hanh dong cua Dang nham bien nhung chu truong cua Dang thanh hanh dong cua giai cap nong dan.

-> De xay dung su doan ket thong nhat trong Dang, Nguoi yeu cau phai nghiem tuc thuc hien nhung nguyen tac cua Dang kieu moi, moi Dang vien phai thuong xuyen tu duong dao duc cach mang, chong chu nghia ca nhan, chong tham o lang phi.

KL: Tu tuong Ho Chi Minh ve xay dung Dang theo nhung nguyen tac cua Dang kieu moi la su ke thua ly luan ve Dang kieu moi cua Lenin vao dieu kien cu the cua VN. Do la nguyen tac co ban co quan he chat che trong qua trinh xay dung mot Dang kieu moi. ND nguyen tac nay duoc Dang ta tiep tuc phat huy va van dung trong giai doan hien nay.

6. Dang vua la nguoi lanh dao vua la day to that trung thanh cua nhan dan.

- Dang phai thuong xuyen cham lo cung co moi quan he mau thit giua Dang voi dan.

- Day la mot luan diem lon va nhat quan khi Nguoi xac dinh vai tro, trach nhiem cua moi can bo Dang vien. Nguoi chi ro: Khi Dang lanh dao nhan dan gianh chinh quyen xay dung chinh quyen va lanh dao chinh quyen xay dung muc tieu doc lap dan toc gan lien voi CNXH thi Dang la Dang cam quyen. Nhung Dang phai y thuc duoc minh la nguoi day to cua dan. Dang lanh dao Nha nuoc trong do dan la chu. Do do moi quan he o day la Dang la cam quyen nhung dan la chu.

- HCM khang dinh la day to trung thanh cua nhan dan Dang co quyen loi gi rieng ngoai quyen loi giai cap, quyen loi dan toc. Vi vay Dang phai thuong xuyen cham lo cung co moi quan he mau thit giua Dang voi dan. Dang khong o tren dan, ngoai dan ma o trong dan, Dang phai lay dan lam goc.

7. Dang phai thuong xuyen doi moi, tu chinh don de thuc su trong sach vung manh.

- De xung dang la mot dang cach mang chan chinh lanh dao su nghiep to lon cua dan toc, mot Dang vua la dao duc vua la van minh tieu bieu cho tri tue danh du luong tam cua dan toc va thoi dai thi Dang phai thuong xuyen cham lo den viec chinh don va doi moi.

- Chinh don va doi moi Dang la lam cho Dang thuc su trong sach vung manh ca ve 3 mat: chinh tri, tu tuong, to chuc ; lam cho doi ngu can bo Dang vien nang cao pham chat va nang luc truoc nhung yeu cau nhiem vu cach mang.

- Khi nhan manh vai tro cam quyen cua Dang Nguoi chi ro: quyen luc cua Dang co suc manh to lon de cai tao xa hoi cu xay dung xa hoi moi trong linh vuc cua doi song. Nhung no cung co suc pha hoai neu nguoi cam quyen thoai hoa bien chat di nguoc voi quyen loi giai cap nd.

- "Nguoi khang dinh mot dan toc mot Dang va moi con nguoi ngay hom qua la vi dai co suc hap dan lon khong nhat dinh hom nay va ngay mai van duoc moi nguoi yeu men va ca ngoi neu long da khong trong sach nua, neu sa vao chu nghia ca nhan".

KLC: Tu tuong HCN ve DCSVN la he thong nhung luan diem co ban ve DCS dua tren su ke thua quan diem chu nghia Mac-Lenin, cac phong trao cach mang tren the gioi va nhung tu tuong tien bo cua nhan loai de van dung sang tao vao hoan canh cu the cua VN. ND tu tuong ay khong chi co vai tro chi dao cho Dang lanh dao c/m gianh thang loi ma dac biet trong giai doan hien nay truoc nhung bien co moi cua LS, Dang van khong ngung nang cao vai tro lanh dao nhan dan thuc hien ly tuong doc lap dan toc gan lien voi CNXH. Su lanh dao cua DCS la nhan to quyet dinh thang loi cua c/m VN trong thoi ky lich su. Dang do la Dang cua dan toc VN dong thoi la Dang cua moi con nguoi VN.